How did government affect agriculture Essay Example for Free

How did administration affect agriculture EssayThe period of 1865-1900 was classified as an duration of Republi tolerates, where laissez-fargon g overnments favour expectant businesses. Technology was significantly evolving, focusing mainly on urban manufacturing. New technological advancements in farming were sold to the farmers at high up footings and shipped at high freight rates. Also, the prices of cash crops dropped during this period, causing many farmers to live in poor conditions. In government, the power of urban industry and big businesses overcame that of the pro-farming politicians. Technology, government policy, and economic conditions effectively declined agriculture politically, industrially, and economically. Impediments such as industrial issues, poor representation in government, and waning agricultural prices that the farmers were forced to face, made agriculture smart greatly during the late 19th century.During this period, the U.S. was technological ly evolving at a rapid rate. New inventions and advancements made life easier for the working class. Railroads, after spreading all over the nation, made any part of the country accessible and expanded the national market. Document B displays that the years 1870-1890, the number of railroads in the nations increased massively. Also, the number of railroads with major(ip) land grants grew as well. At first glance, this change seems to have benefited the farmers, just now actually did the opposite. It is true that railroads allowed the farmers to expand and have a way to ship their reap and cattle a lot faster to more markets. However, greedy men like Cornelius Vanderbilt controlled the railroads. Extremely high freight rates made the farmers lose more than they expected.Likewise, the cost of shipping, taxes, low buying prices, overproduction, and cost of equipment, the farmer gained a mere profit. The technological advancements did make farming easier, further often were too expe nsive for the farmer to afford. In document D, a farmer during a wheat harvest preferred to use a team of about 30 horses instead of the peradventure motorized mechanical harvester. New agricultural technology didnt help much or not even as effective as old methods and in addition was too expensive so farmers chose to stick with the old methods. Technology seemed better when looked at, but not in reality when it was put to use. This is an example that can be characterized by the era named by Mark Twain, The Gilded AgeThe nations government policy at the time was laissez-fare or hands-off government. TheRepublicans were in power during this period and esteemed industry and the big businesses. Consequently, farmers had a poor representation in government both in-state and nationally. Agricultural process was made, but thus far were limited gains.For example, a integrity was carried through the Illinois legislature and then Supreme Court to limit the freight rates and it was passe d (Document C). As you can see, it was a small victory for the farmers and others, but still limited to only Illinois. Furthermore, the ones that contributed to the growth of agriculture were those part of the Populist party. The party consisted of people who favored the rights of the farmers. Several organizations were established to favor the farmers. For example, the Grangers and the Farmers Alliance were organizations that allowed its members that shared common goals to organize and unite. In document G Mary Elizabeth Lease delivers a speech to the people, telling them that the government lied to the people and deceived them. She proves her argument with the crop price reductions and claims of overproduction.Also, the government had problems dealing with the Indians and the settling of agricultural acres for Americans (Document I). A huge controversy during this period was the issue of the gold vs. gold standard. The Populists of course wanted the silver standard, for inflatio n and to flood the economy. This would help out the farmers and miners out west. William Jennings Bryan claimed that the country depended on farmers and without them the country would fall. Also, that the country should be in favor of the farmers because they provide for the nation and are more important than the cities (Document J). The hand-off policy of the Republicans did not allow for much improvement of the nations economy and even let it suffer as did the farmers. Not only did the farmers suffer, but as well as the whole nation because of presidents such as Grant and Hayes.Economic conditions for the farmers were poor and no one was there to help them. The farmers tried, but could not gain the silver standard they needed to improve their positions and finance themselves. Moreover, the big businesses and pro-wealthy Republicans were in the way of the farmers and holding them back. In document A, one can see that as the farmers produced more and more to make more money, the pri ce of the crop dropped as well, thus, leading to overproduction and loss of money. Even if the farmer wassuccessful, he would have to give up his success to the government and railroads with more power in the industry.Nevertheless, on occasion contracts were signed, for example the one in North Carolina shown by Document E where the farmer would sign away half of his net proceeds, leaving him with hardly anything. The farmer was left crippled in a quizzical cycle. Many times, the cattle and crops were shipped to far away markets such as Chicago, and the transit fare would increase as the distance increase (Document F). This struck hard at the pockets of the farmers. Many farmers were left to starve, out of work, and poor. Additionally, the poor weather such as hail would ruin the crops or the businessmen would take the crops (Document H). Consequently, the economic conditions did not favor the farmer, even though they provided for the nation, they were ruined by the people they hel p feed.This period part of the Gilded Age, America suffered because of a weak government policy and the big businesses had the real power. Unfortunately, the farmers were struck with the negative side effects that occurred from all this. American agriculture greatly declined, even though at first it seemed to have been benefited, it was industrially, politically, and economically destroyed and left in a tormenting cycle.

How To Write A Research Paper Essay Example for Free

How To Write A Re face Paper EssayThis guide covers enquiry publishers, and go outs advice on forming a style for your query story, how to send off your composition beforehand you start, and filtering literal for your look into study. What is a seek paper?The terms research paper and term paper argon frequently employ interchangeably. However, the terms do not mean the same thing. Term paper was used in the past exclusively to refer to the project (indeed research based) that was due at the end of a term, semester or quarter whereas research paper had a more specific meaning, i. e. a paper compose as a summary of research.Hence research papers may be written at any(prenominal) level (before, during and after attending university), they may be promulgated sprains in a professional journal and they may represent the results of practical research, which would not ordinarily be conducted for a term paper. This is the context in which we forget discuss the term resea rch paper herein. A research paper is an academic written naming that is the increase of a research project. This may span days, months, weeks or even years. Typically, research papers depart involve the examination of a bad-tempered postulate a go at it, and discuss * The background or history of that foreshorten* Any eruptstanding questions relating to the issue (the research paper will commonly focus on one particular question and seek to establish certify to answer this) * The legitimate data and statistics relating to the issue* The problems relating to the issue as revealed by the data * The problems relating to the issue as revealed by practical primary research (i.e. consumeing out interviews, tests etc) or secondary research (i.e. sounding at other peoples research) * Proposed solutions to the problems, and the strengths and weaknesses of these * Conclusions drawn from the data, research and evidence, as examined * Recommendations in relation to these conclusio ns.We will look at from each one of these elements in turn, in order to understand how a student or professional can write a advanced research paper. Forming a entitle for your research paperUnlike most types of assignment, the research paper title is usually decided upon AFTER you wealthy person completed the paper. This is so that the title accurately reflects the table of matters of the paper. However, your research paper will need a working title. This helps you to focus and helps others to understand what you are doing for prototype, your lecturer/instructor or, if working at a higher level, those funding your project. You should therefore return to this section when you have completed your paper.You then need to pick a concise, accurate title for your research paper that will make readers want to look at your content, help others find your paper in databases, and explain exactly what is covered by the paper with a high degree of accuracy. A research paper will commonly have a title of 15-20 words in length. Every word essential be necessary for the title and so for example, Project on Paper on Research on should be removed as these types of phrases are not necessary. Example concise research paper titles* Unemployment by Constituency* Transport in New YorkResearch Paper SubtitleUnlike a research paper or essay, it is very common to give your research paper a subtitle. This explains your title more fully, puts it in context and qualifies the extent, or scope, of the research. Example subtitles (relating to the above example titles)* 2007-2008 trends using constituency maps* Transport governance and provision since X was elected in 1999 Researching/gathering information for your research paperAs your research paper need to show a good depth of reading, good research skills are paramount But before you start, a key thing to bear in mind is that you MUST reference all material that you use in your paper. So the first thing to do is find out what re ferencing style is requisite (either by your university or, if you are writing a research paper for a journal, by that journal) and start to record the location of your ancestrys using that referencing style. If you do this as you perform the research, youll save yourself hours of time later on. Here are some research tips to get you startedRESEARCH note 1* Form a run of keywords from your research papers working title * Use a thesaurus to find words that mean the same thing as your list of keywordsRESEARCH standard 2Most students will begin researching using the profit and indeed, this is a great way to get ideas for your research paper. So start with Google, type in your keywords and bookmark the most relevant information sites that appear in relation to the issue. Then identify all current matters that relate to your issue from those sites. Note Internet websites provide a fast acknowledgment of up-to-date information but unfortunately they are not a reliable source. Use a search of the web as a starting point but unless the website is hosted and edited by a reliable organization (such as the Government), dont rely on its contents as a source for your research paper. Find another means of verifying the information.RESEARCH STEP 3Now youve identified a list of issues and current debates for your research paper, you need to find some quality source material. The first stage is to find the most recent books written about the issue youre researching. Whilst books are not as up-to-date as journals and articles, they will contain valid points-of-view that need to be considered. So where do you find books for your research paper? * Google Books this is a good place to start as it has several(prenominal) thousand books that have been scanned in, together with details and snippet views of those which havent been scanned in.* Amazon.com Amazon is a good source because you can see which books are being released, and their release date, as well as using search inside to look through the contents of many an(prenominal) books (this latter service only works if you have placed an order before) * Questia Questia has thousands of books scanned in although you have to pay a small subscription fee. Your university may also provide you with access to a library and you can then search through their databases to find the most relevant and recent books for your research paper. The best way to scan whether a book is relevant to what youre writing about is to look through the index. Youll quickly see if theres anything useful in the book for your research paper.RESEARCH STEP 4Now you have the latest books for your research paper, you need to start looking for journals. These really should be your main type of source material. Open University sack up Resources is an excellent list of such journal databases, although youll need an ATHENS password to use some of them. Our favorite journal databases for consistently excellent and up-to-date content ar e * ScienceDirect 2,000 peer-reviewed journals, books, handbooks etc * EBSCO- thousands of journals, millions of articles* Emerald- thousands of journals in management and library and information services, engineering, applied science and technology * Ingenta 4,500+ journals in all fields and a further 20,000 abstracts The latter source, Ingenta, gives you fall by the wayside access to the bibliography which is useful for your research paper even if you dont have an athens login. Locate articles relating to your subject and check out the bibliography for further reading which you superpower be able to locate online without passwords. You can sometimes obtain a free trial of these databases giving you temporary access. Also, the four websites also have a good number of journals that you do not need a subscription to view. These are often indicated by a special icon. For example (from Ingenta)RESEARCH STEP 5 there is one final type of source material you need to consider, and that is the news. If youre lucky enough to have an athens password, your first stop will be Lexis professional person (formerly known as LexisNexis Executive) which contains the full text of newspapers and other news sources worldwide as well as company data, annual reports and business directory information from Disclosure, Extel, ICC, and Worldscope. If you dont have an athens password, any good news site will suffice US News, CNN etc. Of course, if you are researching an issue which affects another country, you should be looking at that countrys main news website.What you are looking for is any current developments that may affect the research for your paper. This may be statistics released by the Government, consultation papers, proposed changes in legislation, current developments or debates etc. Dont forget, newspapers are NOT a reliable source of information. You are using them to find information for your research paper but you should abide this information once you have found it. If it is reported that the Government has released some statistics, go and find those on the Government website. If a consultation paper has been released, go and find the paper and read it.Filtering the material for your research paperThe five step research process reveals a lot of information for your research paper and youll need to filter it down, or youll have too much to analyses. This does, however, beg the question how many sources should you use? The answer to this depends on the level of your research paper. If it is an assignment for your degree, you should look at using roughly 9 quality sources per 2,500 words. If it is for some post-graduate course, you can easily double that. A professional research paper (for publication) might use 30-40 sources per 2,500 words. The emphasis in all cases, however, should be on quality and not on quantity.A good selection of research material from a variety of quality sources (i.e. not just books, not just journals, not just the internet and not just the news) is far better than a large selection of research material from poor quality, unreliable sources of a similar type. To help filter the information you have found for your research paper, you are waiver to need to evaluate its quality. This involves a consideration of whether * The source is a quality source -its reliable, dependable and highly likely to be accurate. * The source is unbiased regard newspapers which may have political views.Ask yourself if the writer has presented a balance argument, or has deliberately played down one side of the argument to arouse his own personal views. * The source is relevant to your research does it specifically tie in with your working title? * You havent already got enough material to prove what this source proves if you aim to back up each of your arguments in your research paper with 2-3 pieces of evidence (for a very high quality paper) or at least(prenominal) 2 for a student paper, then you can filte r out any material that is excessive of this. Creating an outline for your research paperA sanctioned outline will look something like this* Working title (as discussed previously)* Purpose this is a short controversy to say what the paper is for. It helps people who are looking for research papers themselves to assess the relevancy of your research paper to their studies. Example purpose statement This paper shows the number of people claiming benefits recorded as occupier in each constituency in the United States in July 2008, together with comparisons with the levels in July 2007 and July 1997. This paper also presents residence-based unemployment rates for all constituencies in the United States. * Methodology this is a statement of how you will carry out your research. You have already done some secondary research but you may also wish to carry out primary research for your paper. Primary research (sometimes called empirical research) is research you carry out yourself and data that is produced as a result of this, which has never been promulgated before.Primary research may be carried out through face-to-face interviews, telephone interviews, postal surveys, website surveys or focus/discussion groups. Be careful before carrying out research over the phone or through the post though some states allow people to restrict how they are contacted. Secondary research is the study of data that exists already such as books, journals, statistics, other research papers, websites, news reports, magazine articles etc. You have already carried out secondary research through the five step research process. So which research method is best for your research paper? Instinctively you may think that the primary data will provide the most interesting results.However, if your time and budget are both limited, do not be tempted to embark on a study. You will do far better analyzing existing studies than producing a low-quality study that is limited in its value due to th e amount of time and finance you can utilize to it. * Scope of research all research is going to be limited to certain factors. A paper on crime cannot investigate all types of crime, pull by all sexes, all ages, globally. So how are you going to limit your paper? What areas of the issue will you look at and which will you discard? Your statement of scope will be about 150-300 words long and explain exactly what you are going to cover in your research, and what you are going to generate out (usually with brief reasons). If you are carrying out primary research, you may want to set out the limitations of this here too.* Introduction this is where you set the scene for your reader. You explain what you are researching and why. You identify the issues you will be looking into and you say what you are going to prove. It is therefore a good idea to write this last, along with your final title* Background/history this section of your research paper isnt essential but might be approp riate. You might want to explain the development of the issue and how particular matters have arisen. Dont bother unless it is necessary, to put the matter in context.* Body this section of your research paper will be broken up into sub-sections, each transaction with a particular sub-matter. Aim to present balanced evidence in each section on the points you wish to raise, and try not to reach any conclusions at this stage. The body is the body of your research, not the analysis.* Findings/Discussion heres where you analyze the research you have conducted and say how your findings are relevant to the issue. Its a very important section, without which you will have merely stated other peoples findings and opinions without contributing anything yourself.* Conclusion this section of your research paper returns to the introduction and stated aims, and spells out very clearly how you achieved them, referring to the points you have proved and the evidence you have used to prove it. It should not be repetitive but instead, it should summarize the results of your research. You should also ensure no new material is introduced at this stage if you have new material for your research paper, put it in the body and findings sections.* Recommendations this section of your research paper is very much ex gratia and will depend on whether such a section would be appropriate for the subject you are studying. Law research papers almost constantly will include recommendations. What sort of recommendations should you make? These might include * How policies/the law/practice should be changed, based on your findings * What further research must be carried out beforemaking any sensible recommendations.Your recommendations must actually relate to what you have established in your research paper. You cannot randomly introduce things at this stage that you think might be useful. They must be logical recommendations, based on your research and analysis, and they should follow on from the conclusion. Now you have written out an outline for your research paper, you will literally be able to fill in the blanks and your paper should evolve and progress naturally, following the headings you have chosen. documentation referring back to your working title as you write, as well as to your methodology and scope. This should limit you to material that is most relevant and ensure you dont include excessive, spare points. Finishing your research paperNow youve written up your research paper, youll need to do a little editing and proofreading to ensure the finished product achieves the grade youre looking for. This includes * Weeding out any unnecessary material. Evaluate what you have written and whether it is needed, keeping the methodology, scope and working title in mind* Proofreading your research paper. Read it out loud, have someone else read it for you, run a spell check, run a grammar check go over the paper several times and make sure you havent made any er rors. There are often extra marks for students in respect of presentation. * Checking your referencing. Every source should be properly referenced. Quotations should be in quotation marks. Your work should contain a full list of references and a bibliography. References are sources you actually cite in your work whereas the bibliography includes sources which you may have read, and may have influenced your writing, but you havent specifically cited.

A Freedom Fighter, or Terrorist?

A Freedom Fighter, or Terrorist?The recent surge in terrorist act as a phenomenon has been unpar realizedlyel in innovational history. It now features as unrivalled of the top priorities in organisation agendas for most of the countries around the world. It is debatable whether it has been hyped up to approximately extent but unarguably has been one of the most unfortunate trends that turn out made considerable impact on the way of life for all.The security agencies, religious heads, community expireers, experts and such, atomic number 18 all veneering a mammoth task of tackling the menace. It is costing establishments billions of pounds in loss of lives, properties, trade and importantly confidence. Due to sensitive nature of the issue, involvement of alter drivers, the lethal cocktail of domesticated and world-wide politics, the lack of political get out to identify offset rides, bungled intelligence information and importantly its geographical spread covering al l continents ar some of the alter factors that has unexpended the modern world exasperated.The importance of differentiating and defining the legitimate and un righteousnessful has fix academic and a matter of statute. This unfortunately has not helped the bigger cause of tackling the issue in a fair manner thus deviation lives of common tidy sum at increasing risk. The debate intimately surveys of civil society and rights of the oppressed has hazy and canister be argued, to such an extent that no common consensus exists in relation to what is acceptable and what is not, leaving universal people confused and ca victimisation rift amidst different communities. This however does not diminish the importance of reaching an amicable ex externalizeation, the need for it is more(prenominal) than ever before, especially to uphold the values of liberty, fairness and democracy in a volatile society.The discussion will elude to some relevant issues in the circumstance of backgro und, causes, and legislation and will endeavour to arrive at a satisfactory commentary that hopefully would distinguish the freedom scraper from the terrorist. This discussion would absorb into account both national and international scenarios on the basis that the phenomenon is not restricted to UK alone and indeed the definitional problems it poses worldwide, as incidentally does the threat of frenzy from it. minimiseThe Freedom FighterTo allow this discussion to evolve and formulate, it is imperative to define and differentiate between a freedom combatant and a terrorist. The term freedom fighter can be delimit as being for those engaged in a struggle to achieve political freedom for themselves or father freedom for others1. The common conception of a freedom fighter is that it is someone who opposes a cruel or unfair government by fighting against it, using weapons usually as a spot of an organised group2or in time someone who uses dotty action, or threats of violent action, for political purposes3. These general definitions provided from varied academics, saturate an ara which is already filled with m any views and opinions on the definition of such word and how it should be classified.The TerroristThe term terrorist has to a fault been attempted to be defined as being the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion4. It has in any case been classed as someone who use force play in order to achieve political manoeuvers5or a person who uses violent methods to try to remove a government from power6. A terrorist in a definitional sense connotates acts of violence being carried out, in order to fulfil aims.The resistance movement can be clearly termed as activities involving conflict of some nature. The conflict mainly against the authorities as the above definitions seems to presume. The purpose of achieving political freedom or aims indicates opposing some political establishment. It also however signifies prohibition of liber ty and free will and either a violent or non-violent approach to break these restrictions to make inroads for the organisations willing to do something about it.People who be described as freedom fighters are often also called in popular culture as assassins, rebels, insurgents, or even terrorists. This leads to the dictum one mans terrorist is another(prenominal) mans freedom fighter7, which poses the difficulty that governments are faced with when trying to define it. A freedom fighter could be meant to consist of someone who will fight for the cause of freedom but as we thoroughly discuss, traditionalistic use of such terminology in popular media is confined to those who are engaged in violent behaviour and those who fight for freedom peacefully are disregarded for the reason that violence by other groups whom claim to be freedom fighter, roller a shadow over them. This also poses the validity of using term branched rebellion as it is linked to violence away the sphere of tr aditional terrorist act. Nelson Mandela and Yasar Araafat were initially branded terrorists only(prenominal) to be recognised as diplomats and freedom fighters, even though the factions they were linked to were directly responsible for the loss of numerous lives and creating kindly disorder. In crude comparison even Osama bin Laden was encouraged and supported by US to fight Russia to protect their strategic interest in the area8. It is ironic that he is now the most wanted man on the earth. The perceived transformation of terrorist to freedom fighter and vice versa in context of their roles blurs the definition even further. The term terrorist and freedom fighter has become distorted with the changing times. It is interesting to note that Seymour above has no qualms in making those blurred boundaries more prominent. His emphasis on differing universal values attached to the activities instead of the blanket definition is worth noting and he suggests that they are the same entity and the difference between them both is only a matter of a opinion and a subjective view.International PerspectiveThe history of resistance movement goes back to from 1 AD to 6 AD according to various historians, even though no concrete evidence exists as to when the usage of the word terrorism came into existence9. Various studies concur erect over 100 definitions of terrorism10and this coupled with the fact that the term is politically and emotionally charged greatly compounds the difficulty of providing a precise definition11. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, the United Nations (UN) strived to classify terrorism, but the implementation of such definition concluded to fail as member states found it difficult to verify it, in regards to the use of violence for national liberation and ego determination12. This was mainly due to Palestine movement which was not only whole heartedly supported by the Middle-East but countries in South Asia, Russia, China and Africa also provided ta ctical support to the cause as and when it was required. The solidarity groups across the world stage peaceful demonstration on regular basis, mainly to keep the momentum going. The active freedom fighters or comrades of the movement also got involved in violent activities inside and outside of the mainland Palestine. This always posed problems for the countries that hosted such groups and they refrained from making any supporting statements when the activities resulted in loss of lives and destruction of properties. This showed how freedom fighters can immediately become terrorists or undesirables through the actions they chthoniantake. The United Nations General Assembly uses the commonly agreed political definition of terrorism when condemning such acts13. The firmness readsCriminal acts intend or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the con siderations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or any other nature that whitethorn be invoked to justify them14.The absence of term violence in the above declaration and its reliance on general whitlowity of the acts makes it less influential and renders it incapable to deal with modern day trend, which is more decomposable and extraordinary. It is safe to assume that the criminal laws of any country, irrespective of their political structure must be quite effective in dealing with criminal acts and the declaration ignores variety of internal and external threats the countries whitethorn face, such as risk to infrastructure, utilities, national treasurers, technology and others.Due to severity and the new reality that has dawned following 9/11 attacks, then Secretary-General, Kofi Annan, described the terrorist attack on USA as an attack on humanity as a whole, without definition, all terrorism to be condemned whatever the political origins15. Thi s was a progressive step forward and highlighted the need for rigorous definition and a zero tolerance approach. There was also an identification and rudimentary content of not getting too wrapped up with the legal clarity about the definition and instead to tackle the issue at hand in a non-negotiable but effective manner. It is also worth noting the usage of term whatever the political origins, as a conflict of any political nature was considered as a trigger point that may result in terrorism and a battle for self determination.It must be observed that since the rise of terrorism in the west, the Patriot mold 2001 was enacted in the United States of America (USA), which attempted to define terrorism as being premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against non-combatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience16. This definition has no consideration of the social factors for the cause of terrorism and attem pts to infer that political pressure is the only aim . The Act was described as a pendulum reaction to 9/11 event by nobleman Carlile17. The act was scrutinised by both major parties in the USA as it encroached upon and showed scant regard for liberties of the individual18.The UN has made several resolutions to allow uniform espousal of counter terrorism measures. The United Nations Security Council Resolution 137319(2001) was seen as a response to 9/11 and since as become a pillar of the planetary legal framework for the prevention and suppression of terrorism.20The introduction of such resolution meant that countries such as Japan took steps in order to freeze the assets of galore(postnominal) individuals21. However it must be noted that although the counter terrorism measure in this resolution were adopted, the resolution failed to define terrorism and persisted to include Al-Qaida and Taliban at heart the framework of defining terrorism. Further attempts have been made from the UN to understand the growing threat of terrorists. UN Security Council Resolution 1566 defined terrorism as being-criminal acts, including against civilians, committed with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury, or taking of hostages, with the purpose to provoke a state of terror in the general public or in a group of persons or particular persons, intimidate a population or compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act.22This definition takes into consideration of the wide scope of damages that terrorism could cause such as in taking the lives of civilians and does not restrict it to just political aims or in times of war. The further need for a strict definition was attempted also by Tamar Meisels whom advocates a consistent and strict definition of terrorism, which she defines as the intentional random murder of defenceless non-combatants, with the intent of instilling precaution of mortal danger amidst a civilian p opulation as a system knowing to advance political ends23. This definition seems in include an aim again and shows that violence and instilling fear are the key components of the behaviour of a terrorist.The history of Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) and African subject area intercourse (ANC) is riddled with violence, kidnapping, civil disorder, threats, incitement in order to achieve the aims of these organisations, which in effect was self-determination, freedom, justice, equality, fairness and so on, similar aims of the freedom fighter. The rights of the Palestinian people to self determination has been recognised by the many organisations around the world including the security council and the international court of justice and most importantly even by Israel as well. About 100 nations recognize Palestine as a state24. In 1990, the successful negotiations between the government and ANC resulted in ending apartheid, culminating in multi-racial republican elections in 1994, which were won by the African National Congress under Nelson Mandela25. In both the above cases the uprising was internally and externally supported by individuals, organisations and governments across the world. The campaign highlighted the injustices, segregation, and deprivation of basic human rights of indigenous people that became magnet for people to protest against it. It also gave platform for other people and groups internally and sometimes externally to participate in the struggle in a non-violent way. The justification of methods within an organisation is met with the internal wrestling between the political arm and the branch that deals with rebellion by way of force. This has meant that disputes within groups stagnate further makement for their cause. There has been an increasing interest at the international level in supplementing traditional human rights principles with rights for minorities within in each group. For example, the Conference on Security and Coo peration in Europe adopted a declaration on the Rights of National Minorities and established a High Commissioner on National Minorities in 199326, this being significant as within the international framework, the rights of minorities are being protected in reaction to terrorism diluting their rights in certain states.Similarities and DifferencesThe above definitions and backgrounds provide useful information on making an informed decision on the similarities and differences between the two. The lapping of some triggers and factors are inevitable and readers are urged to be cautious when taking a stand for and against the issue. Most of the formal definitions of terrorism and freedom fighter have some common characteristics mainly a fundamental motive to make political or societal changes through use of violence or extralegal force.The terms have stark differences as well. The use of violence perpetrated by terrorist is random and does not take into account the destruction of live s and properties of innocent people. The freedom fighter on the other hand, targets governmental and military installations with a view to bring them to the negotiating table. This is in contrast to terrorists who aims to create fear and terror and instead issues orders and demands to surrender and may lack diplomatic channels, resulting in the approach taken by militants, both can command support. The terrorists support comes from clandestine organisations and rouge states. The freedom fighter cause is celebrated and may get support from all sections of the society including democratic institutions.UK ContextThere is no single definition of terrorism that commands full international approval. It remains the subject of continuing debate in international bodies27. schoolmaster Carlile arrived at this conclusion after cautiously researching the current terrorism laws that exists in 60 countries. The majority of countries selected for the study had either too broad or too narrow scope of definition and importantly were designed to reflect specific political situation and threat of the individual country. Only few European countries had some similar features to UK legislation and context. The terrorism Act 2000 was aimed to establish a sound definition of terrorism in the law with a view to introduce entirely new set of police and investigatory powers to deal with incidents that would be deemed beyond the ordinary violent offences. It also superseded and repealed some of the previous acts and provisions. Since 2000, the UK has enacted five main pieces of legislation to deal with terrorism28. Following the events of 9/11, legislation and security measures from the governance were under threat of not going far enough to deal with the issues raised by violence, such as terrorism. Following the events of 9/11, legislation and security measures from the Government were under threat of not going far enough to deal with the issues raised by violence, such as terrorism. In response to this the government initiated passage of arms (I and II) as the main authority for counterterrorism strategy for the UK. It was designed to take account of the evolution of the threat and of our understanding of the factors which are driving it29. The latest conception of passage of arms attempts to deal with issue that contrary policy concerns breed violent extremism30. It endeavoured to define how foreign policy in the UK could act as a catalyst for people to turn to extremism.Real or perceived grievances, some international and some local, including in particular a perception that UK foreign policy in the Islamic world (notably military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan) is hostile to Islam the experience of wider conflict in the Muslim world and conflict involving Muslims (often attributed either to western intervention or to western indifference) and a range of domestic issues, including racism, inequalities and the experience of criminality and migration.3 1This brings the paradoxical line of reasoning that, grievances such as the foreign policy of a country could lead to the radicalisation of those aggrieved, who in turn could result in fighting for the cause, and ultimately for the minority the perceived freedom fighter could become an instrument of terrorist activities. It must be mentioned that he report conducted by Lord Carlile32where he defined terrorism and reviewed all legislation in relation to this topic, has now become a fundamental part of terrorism legislationTerrorism Act 2000The introduction of the Terrorism Act 2000 signified a huge step in the right direction in the attempts to define such violent acts. The act defined it as being an action which is designed to influence the government through a threat or to intimidate the public and threats made for the purpose for progress of a political, religious or ideological cause can be seen as terrorism, for the purposes of the act. These attempts show that the UK governmen t had stretched the boundaries and attempted to define it. The act also cleared up discrepancies in regards to what type of damage or threats are caused. Section 2 of the Act also defines what type of actions can be inferred to be that of terrorists and includes actions which involve serious violence or serious damage to property. An action which endangers a persons life or a deed which creates serious risk to the public can be also be deemed as actions of terrorism. The act also attempted to cover the rise of expert warfare by including attempts to disrupt electronic systems can also fall under the heading of terrorist activities. It is imperative to mention that the act also considered terrorist activities committed outside of the UK would still be classified as terrorist actions for the purpose of the act. This is important as the scope for actions is wide thus allowing such actions to be classed as terrorist activities.However, this act even with the attempts and inroads it has tried to make in regards to defining terrorism, has been met with criticisms chiefly from Lord Carliles paper. He suggested that the act should include the use or threat is made for the purpose of go a political, philosophical, ideological, racial, ethnic, religious or other similar case33. If the section 1 (1) (c) was to be amended in the 2000 act, it would provide a positive message by enhancing the legal clarity of the act. The Terrorism Act 2006 also extends the range of offences which can be classed as terrorism and included the term glorifies34, which can be meant as a novel word for a criminal offence. The amendments made by the 2006 Act, such as, glorification and mere preaching cannot be seen as terrorist actions, Lord Carlile was content with the protection that was in place in regards to the misusing of the clause preaching and glorification35. Like the Patriot Act in the United States, the current UK law has been scrutinised due to the slow dissolution of key human ri ghts such as right to privacy which allows the police excessive powers, which could result in misuse of them. The Terrorism Act has been wrongly exploited by authorities such as the Police force and Customs as they have often cited the Terrorism Act when combating terrorism when in fact in various cases these events are not connected to those of terrorism.Another contentious issue arising from the act is section 44. This section involves the authorisations uncommitted to senior police officers if they believe that it is expedient for the prevention of acts of terrorism, they can confer powers to other police officers to search people and there is no requirement that the officers to do so on reasonable grounds. Stop and searches have been taken advantage of as those with no connection in terrorism can be targeted, such as protesters36, however the police must have reasonable suspicion that the person pursued is operating as a terrorist, according to the Home sureness37.In many stat es across the world which breed terrorist organisations, the experience that they have such as pauperization and hardship lead to the radicalisation of the masses. Recent research suggests that poverty and illiteracy as well as the conflict in Afghanistan and Iraq are key factors leading to religious extremism38. This has led to the school of thought that freedom fighters and terrorist have not always derived out of the same background and it is the ideology that they pursue which is different from one another.SummaryThe discussion on the said topic was approached with a view to define Terrorist and Freedom Fighter, and includes researching various understanding of these terms and the views as expressed by national and international experts, including relevant legislations. The unique characteristics or grossness that compares and distinguishes both terms are vital in critically considering its legitimacy and legal status. The rapidly diminishing boundaries of terrorist and freedo m fighter has not only left ordinary people confused but authorities struggling to provide legal clarity as well. The discussion also ask the questions to ponder on the necessity to define these terms to the hilt at the expense of ignoring such a sensitive issue and in turn giving secondary preference to tackling the issue.The Terrorism Act 2000 and subsequent legislation that followed like the Terrorism Act 2006 which made amendments to the 2000 act such as creating new offences in reference to the encouragement of terrorism which deals with the root cause of it39, provides an insight into the UKs context and how counter-strategy with all its teething problems and weaknesses remains at the heart of providing protection and stability to UK.ConclusionThe exclusion of religious causes from the definition of terrorism is controversial and there is no discourse as it stands that political cause may be excluded from the definition, this also applies to an ideological cause. Can there be a religious cause which is neither political nor ideological? If so, should it be under the terrorism umbrella?40The above questions bring the debate about root cause to the fore. The counter-terrorism strategy identifies the importance of the role specific community should be playing. The Prevent strand aims to tackle the issue through community involvement. It is hoped that by identifying the underlying issues such as foreign policy, discrimination, deprivation etc the authorities would be in better position to address the issue through various community ground and led initiatives. This however must not underestimate the importance of containing and eliminating the menace of terrorism through policing and judiciary means mainly via legislation.The international community it seems are still divided over defining the term freedom fighter. The thin line that separates it from terrorist is too risky to be crossed. It also depends on individual countrys foreign policy, e.g. The Middle East whole heartedly supports Palestine movement and some countries also give tactical support in form of funding, promotion etc. The argument with some of the western countries is that the funds can be easily channelled to terrorist causes and openly promoting the cause can have adverse effect on their relationship with Israel, not to forget the wrong message it would send to those elements who could resort to violence and derail the campaign.The current definition of terrorism as it stands now in UK has been rigorously designed and implemented through proper policy making mechanism. The inherent weaknesses and the lessons learnt of abuse of powers since 2000 have either been amended or eliminated. The process of treating each case on merit and trying to identify the root cause can only exasperate the situation. The sensible approach route however would be to look at the end result. Did the activities result in illegal and random violence? Did it cause loss of lives of innocent pe ople and destruction of properties? Have the perpetrators got legitimate concerns that can be resolved through negotiations? Is the issue of persecution, human rights visible and quantifiable?The concept of Freedom Fighting is alien to current UK scenario. The robust laws and legislations in place, the mechanism of transparentness and implementation of these laws, the equality and human rights, democratically elected local and central government, rights of citizen, checks and balances of political and judiciary system etc are antithesis to the path of violent struggle for freedom. It is also equally true that any widely accepted and legitimate freedom struggle outside UK such as Burma, Palestine etc must not be underrated. The UK citizens should have right to protest within the boundaries of UK law, including marching, publicity, awareness campaign, funding raising etc. growing a Successful corporeal Strategy Examining VolkswagenDeveloping a Successful Corporate Strategy Examining VolkswagenA seam strategy is an organizational plan with longsighted and short tem purposes of achieving set caper goals and objectives. Its a management plan aimed at strengthening the performance of a company through provision of quality products and services and maintaining grocery store share and successfully containing competition (Aaker, 2001). A business strategy can be developed and implemented at three levels of an organization structure the corporate level, the business level and the departmental level. Developing business strategies at corporate level involves maintaining the business positive performance while ensuring long term success of all business units through improving compatibility among the units. Companies develop corporate strategies to manage their operations, departments, products, services and staff to make the company competitive and ensure that every component contributes to the success and achieving organizational goals.The development and impleme ntation of a business strategy or model involves the use of organizational design which is the process of deciding how a company must form, utilize and combine organizational structure as well as control systems and organizational culture to pursue a business goal (Hill and Gareth 2008). This essay will focus on exploitation and implementing business strategies at corporate level based on the Volkswagen Group which is a motor manufacturing company.Factors to Consider when Developing a Successful Corporate StrategyWell developed business strategies must address the strategy choice, organization structure, special people concerns and organizational culture dimensions. Volkswagen Group has identified specialism as it major market strategy. This strategy involves positioning the group on top of motor manufacturing by the year 2018 with emergenced service delivery and client satisfaction. Developing this strategy has been practiced through provision of quality products, new designs a nd always improving and expanded services that go beyond the normal cable car manufacturing standards. Volkswagen Group therefore focuses on a quality strategy which is a subset of a whole differentiation strategy so that it can outstand among the many competitors in the industry. However, the current increase of many players in motor industry has gone into Volkswagen group strategy plan and implementation because of the greater efforts needed to maintain revenue, market share, reduce costs and most importantly keep customers who seem attract to other cheap car models from other manufacturers.Volkswagen Group management assigns employees to particular value creation tasks and roles that are linked together to create a framework that will increase quality provision, effective service delivery, innovation and responsiveness to customers to increase competitive advantage. This motor manufacturing group has succeeded in integrating the efforts of all employees across all company struct ure, functions and business sections so that specific set of strategies are achieved. The Volkswagen organizational structure is very flexible with all duties clearly spelled out together with the staff who should undertake them. The structure of the Volkswagen Group organizational structure has been one of the contributing factors to effective implementation of previous strategies because every employee knows his/her job description and expectations.The development of any corporate business strategy must take into account the primary concerns of all the people involved by ensuring production of good quality products and quality services to guarantee customer satisfaction. To achieve this, Volkswagen Group has installed programs to train all its human resources prior and after a strategy is devised and implemented. This assures the company that the staff is capable of turning the business strategies into business values. The choice of its staff is very complete because only staff wi th great quality combinations for a motor manufacturing industry is considered.Organizational culture is a collection of values, norms, beliefs and attitudes that are common among people and groups in an organization. Volkswagen group has organizational standards that control how the employees interact with each other, with the customers and stakeholders outside the company. Just like many other international companies, the top management of Volkswagen group has the amphetamine hand in ensuring that employees work towards achieving the company strategies and goals because they can influence the kind of beliefs to be exercised in the company.Developing a corporate strategy is therefore a very complex process that is primarily concerned with selection of business area where the organization should operate and compete as well as developing and coordinating business profile through stipulation of objectives, aims and goals (Checco 2005). In developing business strategies organizations m ust address key strategy components that usually determine the long term performance of such strategies. These components include strategy reach, competitive contact, managing resources and business relationship and management practices. The corporate strategy reach involves defining corporate mission, vision, objectives and goals. The strengths and opportunities as well as weaknesses and threats are considered in this component. The definition of these management components enables execution of the strategy while ensuring business units are integrated into each other for gentle management.The competitive contact is more concerned with speculating the future competition environment and developing products and services that will be able to compete favorable with those of the competitors. Opportunities and threats are more addressed at this point. Coordinating the use of company resources, both material and intellectual across the business units forms the other component of managing corporate activities and relationships. Developing a business strategy dictates that all business units in harmony and compatible with each other such that communication and business instructions can flow from unit to unit (Porter 1998). The effective use and management of corporate resources should be stressed in the strategy since the success of a corporate strategy is dependent on how the resources are utilized. The choice between centralization and decentralization of a corporation needs more considerations such as the external factors that may face business activities, the level of competition as well the available resources and the benefits expected to be accrued from such resources.However, every organization should look carefully at its intended corporate strategy as compared to that of its competitors to see if it can better leverage its internal strengths and potential for operational efficiencies because development and implementation of a poor strategy may be the ultimat e downfall as many competitors are finding ways to incentivize customer value through move prices, additional options or more product for the same price to maintain customer base. This could be a battle that Volkswagen group could fail at if it does not keep pace or find a way to show consumers its value. Conclusively, strategic choice, organizational design, culture and principal people concerns shape employee beliefs, behaviors, values and norms and this determines how they will implement the business models and strategies.

Analysing The Reggae Music Genre Music Essay

Analysing The Reggae Music Genre Music EssayReggae, although not as touristy as it was a few decades ago, is one of the most astray appreciated music genres is modern music history. With reggae being so widely spread almost e actuallyone could recite a reggae lyric even if they are not fans of the music and influential artists such as the legendary Bob Marley are well cognize and are still celebrated to this day. Although reggae is possibly the most popular genre in Jamaican music it was certainly not the first of its kind in Jamaica, with reggae having a few predecessors and a vast history that do reggae what it was today.The very number one of reggae could be seen in the early 1950s in the run down areas of Downtown Kingston, Jamaica with the emergence of the Sound System. It is thought that the birth of the sound formation came about when they were used during the intermission of a dance orchestra. It was soon realised that the sound systems were much cheaper and needed no breaks and soon replaced the dance orchestras all together. in the long run the sound systems became booming melodic line opportunities and many of the liquor barons in Kingston made a good fortune vie the popular American round and Blues of the time. Music business entrepreneur Derrick Harriott recalled his experience of the sound system street parties Being part of the crowdwhen a big sound system was playing was probably the greatest feeling in the world to any Jamaican kid. But if you had aspirations to shop music so it was magical (Bradley, 20003). The sound system business very competitive and by the end of the 50s sound system owners opened up recording studios (this included the famous Studio 1 owned by Coxsone Dodd) to create exclusive tracks that would only be owned by the sound system owners. The sound system owners would audition hopefuls and would agree to record the best to make a Jamaican version of RB and it is then that marks the creation of Ska. A few years slowlyr on August 5th 1962, Jamaica was made an independent state after 300 years of British rule and the soundtrack to this new freedom was the newly invented Ska. It was this freedom that boosted the popularity of Ska and made it a huge success in Jamaica although it was principal(prenominal)ly popular around the poor areas of Downtown Kingston and was not really accepted in the rich Uptown Kingston. Around the beginning of the 60s, many Jamaican musicians moved over to England to try their luck in the business which this started an resistance Ska scene in London and eventually the scene became popular that it moved from West London to the West End. In 1964 the popularity of Ska heightened with the release of My Boy Lollipop by Millie Small and Ska became the national sound of Jamaica. Although Uptown Kingston had finally accepted Ska, the mood was changing Downtown to relate with a slower pace in times. Downtown was poverty stricken and many were unhappy with the steering the country was being run, so with slow times came a slower rhythm and this was the birth of Rock steady. Rock steady took inspiration from American instinct and RB and many of the songs were Boy meets Girl stories. Although this period was considered the most glorious phase in Jamaican music, Rock steady lasted 18 months tho repayable to Jamaicas problems worsening the music became more serious with heavier bass lines, a faster tempo and the subject matter based around social occurrences. People were feeling for a revolution, and thus reggae was born.In the beginning reggae, much like any genre, was relatively unknown but although it was a Jamaican export, reggae had a large underground following in the UK partly due to the now settled Caribbean community that lived in London. Even the Mods who were big Ska fans had turned to reggae and eventually the Mod culture morphed into what is known as the Skinhead culture, Skinhead having a different meaning to what it has today. UK sound system owner Vego recalled selling the reggae records at the time When I first come here at that place werent any record shops selling our kind of musicWed go to dances with the records and give the tunes to the sound man to play, and when he see the reaction of the people in the dance then hed have to buy it he wouldnt have a choice.(Bradley 2000123). Even with this mass underground following it was not until 1972 with the release of the major motion picture The Harder They fetch did the popularity of reggae skyrocket. The Harder They Come was the story of a young hopeful musician turned outlaw and showed what it was to live in the ghettos of Jamaica and the importance of reggae culture in Jamaican society. The involve boasted a soundtrack that became just as popular as the film (the soundtrack was the highest sold reggae album at the time) containing songs like the title track You Can Get It If You in truth Want by Jimmy Cliff who was in addition the main protagonist in the film. The film developed a cult status and is considered one of the main sources for the popularity of reggae in the rest of the world. A year later, Ska-turned-reggae band The Wailers released the famous Catch a Fire album (not only for its lyrical content and tone but for its impractical cover sleeve too) which not only boosted the popularity of roots reggae but also for The Wailers, especially their legendary frontman Bob Marley, careers too American guitarist Eric Clapton is also credited with the popularity of reggae in the Western world when his cover of Bob Marleys I Shot the Sheriff reached number one in the US charts in 1974. With reggaes popularity peaking in the late 70s many rock bands including The Clash and The Police adopted a reggae style creating a reggae-rock fusion which proved to be very popular as these deuce bands have gained a legendary status. Unfortunately, reggaes biggest star Bob Marley was diagnosed with skin cancer and on 11th May 1981 he passed away at the age of 36. more say the death of Marley was also the death of reggae itself, as Marley has been synonymous with the genre. Nobody could recreate the buzz or the style that surrounded Marley and eventually many stop trying. However in 1984 a greatest hits album entitled Legend was released and became a huge success, selling over 25 million copies and becoming the countenance longest charting album ever making it the bestselling reggae album of all time.Much like any genre reggae has its superstars and upon hearing the word reggae most people turn over Bob Marley. Although there were many other influential artists in the genre, it was Marley who made a significant imprint on reggae as a whole. However, Marley was not ever singing solo

The exit strategy within a business plan

The takings outline within a trade endThe Last portion of the backing political platform is the exit strategy. It may enamourm strange to develop a strategy this soon to leave the course, but potential investors pass on want to know the long-run plans. The exit plans need to be clear in your own mind because they will dictate how you operate the company. For example, if it is your ultimate aim to get listed on the rip market, then you go to follow certain accounting regulations from day one.Recent research study has shown that 40% of all small business owners would like to exit their business immediately but that merely 25% have any sort of plan for doing so. A mere 7% of the people have a formal written exit plan in place so although the desire is at the forefront of many owners minds, there is no strategy to take out it happen.The sequence of steps involved in the exit strategy argonTiming and the marketEstimation of business worthImproving business valuateSelling the businessConcluding the saleTiming the marketDuring last decade, capital markets around the world became abundant with funds. These funds primarily got accumulated through with(predicate) a decade of economic developing and prosperity. Low interest rates and low yielding traditional investment fundss have driven the fund managers to seek election investment strategies that would maximise their returns.Whether through expansion strategies of biggish corporates, consolidation strategies of private equity managers or purely direct investment, this money is finding a home in middle market privately owned businesses. No such opportunity had existed for business owners to accelerate their succession planning and considerthe early of their equity. But now, such a thing has become common.Estimation of business worth Perhaps the single biggest factor that determines of the value of a business is its current and recent lolly history. It represents the return to the business owner, and of course, the approaching business owner. The second major determinant of the value of a business is the forthcoming risk. It is an assessment of the probability that the profit of the business will be maintained or increase. Factors to be considered in assessing this risk include the dependency of the business on the booster rockets sustaining the competitiveadvantage intellectual property of the company growth and profit trends projections business practices culture and professionalism of the company the market in which the business functionsWhile there is something called profit and risk trade-off, the Ultimate factor that determines the value is the strategic position of a buyer.Beauty is in the eye of the beh sr.er. Factors such as economies of scale, Innovation of products and markets, market domination or even fast tracking of growth, cigarette see particular buyers pay to a greater extent for acquisitions than an accountants valuation.Improving business valueBusin ess owners should consider similar steps when preparing to sell their business. Many businesses view their businesses as their favourable opportunity . It represents a one-off opportunity to convert a life cartridge holder of efforts into wealth. So often, the majority of the familys wealth is tied up in the business, invariably all at risk and highly dependent on a successful exit outcome that is of course, after tax, after debt repayment if any. Clearly a strategy must(prenominal) be set to maximise value. The Main aim is to get the business investment available.Enough Attention must be focussed on those attributes of the future risk described before. We can take an example, what must be done to reduce the perception that the business will no longer prosper without the promoter of the business ? so, what are the implications for the management structure, policies and procedures, reporting, ongoing innovation and creativity and ultimately, the drive behind the business? By taking factors such as these, the business becomes more mature and will usually be in a better position to grow and prosper without the business promoters influence.Selling the BusinessThe whole exchange process is a procedural methodology structured to attract the right buyer who is prepared to pay a good price for a business which clearly demonstrates strategic advantage through acquisition. It must be capable of withstanding a due diligence process without any material concerns. Armed with an Information, an investment ready business owner can commence the next phase of selling identification of a buyer. Not surprisingly, in around 60% of cases, business owners already know their future buyer. It may be a competitor, a supplier or even a client. A list of known suitors is slow assembled. Attracting the other 40% requires a sales program using mass marketing .The various options that are available areIPOAcquisition unificationLiquidationConcluding the saleFor most of their lives, busi ness promoters have risked most of their wealth to be in this once-in-a-lifetime position. They know how to run a business, but how can they make the transition from a risk taker to that of custodian? Sadly, too many business owners get this bit wrong What does this pot of gold represent? It represents the future security, income and lifestyles for the business owner and their dependents for the term of their lives. It represents the opportunity to pass wealth to the next generation and beyond.How can investments be structured to provide good returns but remindful of the risk profile of the family? How can taxation be legally minimised? How can the estate planning be properly structured to incorporate uperannuation, insurance, wills and trusts? How can the owner remain mentally challenged? A comprehensive wealth management strategy should bring together all of these components. Importantly, like planning for the sale itself, it should not be left to the last minute.Impact on commun ityCompanies. impacts on the host communities where they operate do not abruptly end when they close down operations and go home. Rather, the way in which companies depart has a significant impact that can linger long after the mine or plant has closed. leash of the most common impacts on communities areDecrease in economic status. Often a company is one of few sources of income for a community, if not the only one. A company.s closure can represent a return to economic hardship for its host community.Decrease in company-provided assists. Companies often bring services that were not previously present, such as hospitals or road maintenance.Decrease in social status. The departure of a company can lead to a lessen in a social status that corporate resources had elevated.Most companies do not give enough attention to the impact that their departure may have on surrounding communities, or how to manage that impact. Some companies do not consider an exit plan until operations draw to a close. Other companies plan an exit plan early on, but do not revise the strategy based on ongoing analysis.COMMON PITFALLS SURROUNDING DEPARTURE1. Companies do not sufficiently prepare communities for what to expect when they depart.2. Companies only strategy for ensuring sustainability of social programs is that the government will take over.3. Companies decrease community relations budgets as time for closure approaches, butthe need for services does not decrease.4. Companies leave behind infrastructure that is unsuited to community needs.The Right strategyInclude an exit strategy in the design of any new project. the expressive style in which a company wishes to leave its corporate site behind after its departure determines the manner in which it develops a project, even if the departure date lies several decades ahead.Engage communities in discussing impacts and planning closure. Talk with affectedcommunities about the present and the future. By planning together, the commu nity will understand the process, and can have buy-in on decisions made.Solicit a range of perspectives and views in order to assist groups in appropriate ways. Companies can identify surrounding communities. views of the future by engaging community members in planning closure. Use care when choosing language and framing exit strategies. The ways in which a company.s key events are presented and discussed will influence how those events are perceived.Closure is no exception. Use tangible and visible short-term objectives that build toward goals for departure. While long-term vision is necessary, companies risk dominating concrete, short-term actions that will be necessary to reach future goals.Impact on CustomersWhen a company is planning to make an exit, the society at large will get affected. The extent to which customers are affected cant be quantified. The kind of problems that the customers likely to face areUnavailability of the product or serviceNo other alternatives availab leLack of customer support (for product or service)There are various ways by which these issues can be tackled. Some of the possible ways are,The company making a tie-up with other company which offers similar product. So,that similar products are being manufactured for the old customers.Having a tie-up with companies to offer customer support services (even after companies exit.Creating a forum to address the needs of the past customers.

Movie Fight Club Essay -- Fight Club Movie Film films Movies essays

Movie Fight ClubFight Club may non be a conventional piece of grandiloquence yet it lends itself surprisingly well to the principles of deconstruction as outlined by Foucault, Derrida, Grassi and Burke. The God-terms in the novel are not the God-terms that mainstream society is beaten(prenominal) and/or comfortable with, which is not an accident. The brains and values that are given importance and dominance in this writing as well as the drama that the ref is invited into, are not those of mainstream society, which leads the indorser to reevaluate his/her concepts of knowledge and causality as well as the ethical self as created by the characters, situations, and the choice of language. The idea of logo centrism is a large part of the creation of the transcendental signified in this novel. In any given type of rhetoric the reader / listener / recipient inadvertently must decide what significance and value is placed on all told aspects of the piece including that whi ch in not shown by the language. The rhetoric of Fight Club forces the reader to make the uncomfortable choice of what the theme beyond the language is, what is assumed and what is taken for granted by the language in conjunction with what is taken for granted and assumed by the reader. In other words, the storyline and language in the novel force the reader to assign power and knowledge as well as importance to ideas and themes that rub against the grain of everyday common morals and blur the line between the traditional ideas of by rights and wrong. Faking an illness in order to find the feeling of acceptance as the protagonist in the novel does, is not right in the normal area view yet within the confines of this rhetoric it is right because of the peace that it brings ... ...whole. The reason that this works as rhetorical strategy is the reader is lured into a senseless expectation of the outcome of the novel. The reader assumes while reading that the particip ants in the fight club will come to some epiphany through their fighting. This is not at all what happens. The mini epiphany that takes place for the narrator is yet another prolonging and pushing aside the real problem, that of self acceptance. Another psychology of form with regards to the promise/fulfillment cast is also prevalent in this discourse. The characters who feel othered are invited to accept that otherness and embrace it. What is promised to the reader by the discourse is the knowledge that their feelings of otherness are not theirs alone but are shared by many others and the promise of fulfillment is in the very fact that there are others.

The Relationship Between Crime and Guns in the United States :: Second Amendment The Right To Bear Arms

The right to bear arms is an American right featured in the second Amendment of the Constitution. In the 18th century when the constitution was written, times were different, there was a need for citizens to arm themselves to insure the safety of the society as a whole. In the modern world, the police department preserves the safety of society and there is no need for citizens to carry weapons. The founding fathers of the Constitution could never wee imagined the horrendous outcome of their actions. Every year too many lives are claimed as the result of Americans owning an excessive number of firearms. Compared to other western countries that throw away considerably stricter gun control laws America is still viewed as The Wild-Wild West (ARPP, 66). However, is there a relationship between crime and firearms? In this second amendment our right to have a gun, are we dooming ourselves with higher crime rates and more horrific crimes just to have the right to have a gun in our manse? This paper will set forth and find the results of studies conducted to find a conclusion. This is a very important issue when it comes to sociology and our society. The importance of violence and force as sources of power has only recently begun to achieve recognition among sociologists. Power has traditionally been conceptualized as deriving from lasting attributes of persons and from their position in the social structure such as sex and race. However, when power is examined at the interpersonal level it is typically viewed as deriving from family role and gender. These sources of power ultimately derive to some limit from a capacity to use physical force and violence. This capacity often relies partly on a rather transitory attribute of the person, the possession of weaponry.The integrity most important factor that sets human violence apart from aggression among lower animals is arguably the humans greater technological capacity to bring down harm on another creature. These t ools of death are readily available to humans and are vastly more lethal than even the most ruinous natural equipment of any other species (Kleck, 670). Yet, little is known about the impact of weaponry on violence or how weaponry is used to coerce configuration in hostile social encounters. Firearms are seen as violence enhancing devices, it is just assumed that the possession along with the use of firearms increase the chances of the victim to be injure or killed.